|
|
 |
|||
 |
|
 |
||
  
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS IN SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS
NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles on school and university access control and monitoring with metal detectors, surveillance cameras, and card access systems including smart cards. 
School Security Technologies.
http://www.ncef.org/pubs/security_technologies.pdf Schneider, Tod (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC , Oct 2008)
Provides current information on school security technologies, including access control systems, surveillance equipment, weapons detectors, communications and alarm systems, and emergency notification systems (ENS). Explains the shift underway from individual system controls to an IP (Internet protocol) model where everything feeds into the same network. Updates and replaces two landmark publications on school security technologies. 11p.
Wren School Security Survey: Access Control.
http://www.wrensolutions.com/Portals/0/Education%20Content/Wren_ExecSum_Access Control_FINAL.pdf (Wren Solutions, Jefferson City, MO , Sep 25, 2008)
Presents.the results of a survey of school resource officers (SROs) and administrators, revealed almost three-fourths of respondents are not extremely confident in their ability to lock down their school in case of an emergency, citing limited budgets to fund electronic access control technologies as the primary obstacle. The survey also revealed that electronic access control systems are not being used in the majority of schools participating, that funding remains a key obstacle for schools wanting to implement additional security technologies such as access control, and that schools consider access control a critical security tool, after video surveillance. 7p.
Door Locking Options for Schools.
http://www.ncef.org/pubs/door_locks.pdf (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC , Apr 2008)
Explains the building and fire code requirements governing doors in schools, discusses existing door locking options, and describes the varied and sometimes conflicting safety- and security-related functions of school doors. The California Department of Education's recommendations for school entrances, doors, and access control, as well as eight references 4p.
Improving School Access Control.
http://www.ncef.org/pubs/accesscontrol.pdf (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC , 2008)
Discusses a wide range of access control measures for school buildings and grounds. For school grounds, the topics of surveillance, territoriality and maintenance, landscaping, exterior lighting, traffic circulation, dumpster enclosures, site utilities, storm water retention areas, and high risk sites are addressed. Natural surveillance, boundaries, setbacks, and joint use are considered for outdoor athletic facilities and playgrounds. Within the school building, exterior doors, exterior walls, windows, roofs, canopies, awnings, breezeways, covered walkways, courtyards and high-value targets are considered. Building security and surveillance systems are discussed, as are specific areas within the school, such as entries, corridors, stairs, classrooms, performing arts areas, food service, music rooms, restrooms, labs, shops, computer rooms, athletic facilities, and custodial areas. Includes ten references. 11p.
Protecting School Perimeters.
http://securitytechnologies.ingersollrand.com/pdfs/Protecting_school_perimeters.pdf (Ingersoll Rand, Hamilton, Bermuda , 2007)
Briefly addresses school access control through improved electronic access over key control, as well as biometrics. Examples from a high school and two school systems are cited. 5p.
Safe School Facilities Checklist.
http://www.edfacilities.org/checklist/index.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, D.C. , 2007)
A checklist that combines the nation's best school facility assessment measures into one online source for assessing the safety and security of school buildings and grounds. It includes over 400 measures covering school surroundings, school grounds, buildings and facilities, communications systems, building access control and surveillance, utility systems, mechanical systems, and emergency power. The checklist is updated frequently and may be used for planning and designing new facilities or assessing existing ones.
NFPA 730 Guide for Premises Security
(National Fire Protection Association, Jan 2006)
This guide for exterior and interior security features describes construction, protection, and occupancy features, and practices, intended to reduce security vulnerabilities to life and of property in all occupancies. It includes a chapter that addresses measures to control security vulnerabilities in educational facilities. Topics in that chapter include: security vulnerability assessment; vandalism prevention; elements of a campus security program; record keeping systems; communication system; training; law enforcement; access control systems, and security equipment. 88p.
TO ORDER:
http://www.nfpa.org/
School Access and Visitor Control
http://www.schoolsecurity.org/resources/school_access_control.html (National School Safety and Security Services , 2006)
Access control to school campuses and buildings is a top concern for most school officials. School administrators struggle with maintaining a balance between having a user-friendly, welcoming school climate and a facility which is secure from unwanted intruders. This is a list of some practical steps for improving school access control to reduce the risks of unauthorized access.
2p.
Protecting Schools with Advanced Access Control Systems.
http://www.securityinfowatch.com/article/printer.jsp?id=3219 Vigue, Beverly (www.securityinfowatch.com, Kennesaw, GA , Mar 01, 2005)
Proposes a four-level "security pyramid" to organize campus security, with ascending levels representing more sophisticated, and probably less frequently needed, security technologies. Varieties of security technology and how they have been deployed in various school districts and higher education institutions are described. 4p.
SMART School Tool (School Multi-hazard Assessment Resource Tool).
http://www.ni2cie.org/schools.asp (Center for Infrastructure Expertise, 2005)
SMART is a multi-hazard vulnerability assessment for schools to use in analyzing their current safety and security level of preparedness. Each assessment module focuses on one hazard with specific questions matched to resources that may help your school better understand and learn more about a particular safety or security concern. Free registration is required.
Technology Impacts School Security.
http://schoolfacilities.com/resourceDetails.asp?resourceID=691&mode=5 Perez, Jennifer (Schoolfacilities.com,Orange, CA , Sep 2004)
Reviews the function, appropriateness, popularity, and relative costs of current school security technology including access cards, biometrics, and digital CCTV. 3p.
CCTV in the School Environment.
http://schoolfacilities.com/resourceDetails.asp?resourceID=499&mode=5 Dunlap, Chris Mar 15, 2004)
Describes the many features of current closed circuit television technology, emphasizing the superiority of programmable digital equipment. Also included is a discussion of how to select spaces, ranges, and times for monitoring, as well as development of a CCTV policy and examples of school installations that reduced violence and vandalism.
4p.
Uncovering Security Lapses with a Simple Hardware Review.
http://www.schoolfacilities.com/cd_326.aspx (Sargent Manufacturing; SchoolFacilities.com , Nov 04, 2003)
Recommends a two-step process for reviewing the efficacy of a school's security hardware. The first step is to review traffic patterns and determine how doors can be most effectively used to control access and egress. It may be that many doors should be converted to egress only use. The second step is to review the door hardware itself, ensuring that the doors and their locks work properly. Different types of locking and door operation hardware are discussed. 3p.
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design: School CPTED Basics.
http://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/ Schneider, Tod (Eugene Police Department, Eugene, OR , 1999)
The Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) concept suggests that natural surveillance, natural access control, and territoriality can be effectively applied to schools and surrounding environments to provide safety for students and teachers. A CPTED principle suggests that a well designed office should serve as the guardian at the gate, with excellent surveillance outside and inside the school, especially up and down hallways, the entry area, parking lots, drop off areas, and playing fields. Progressively stronger levels of security design for the main entry and office areas are diagramed providing benefits and disadvantages of each. 8p.
ERIC NO: ED436940;
Safe Schools Facilities Planner. Health and Life Safety, School Climate and Order
http://www.schoolclearinghouse.org/pubs/safesch.pdf (North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Div. of School Support, Raleigh , Feb 1998)
This document addresses design-related concepts that can positively affect school climate and order. It describes and provides facility planning guidelines for crime prevention through environmental control in the following areas: access control; surveillance; territoriality; defensible space; target hardening; and program interaction. Guidelines also address issues on school size, schools-within-schools, health and life safety, and school climate and order. (Contains 30 references.) 25p.
TO ORDER:
Public Schools of North Carolina,
Division of School Support,
301 North Wilmington St.
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
Digital CCTV Video Surveillance
http://www.fes-nj.com/d-cctv.html Brzezowski, Edward (Paterson Public Schools, Paterson, NJ , 1997)
This document was prepared to summarize the current "State of the Art" of Digital CCTV systems and to understand the options available to building owners. The main emphasis is placed on multi-building CCTV surveillance operations and camera viewing and how this can be accomplished from a remote command and control center.
8p.
Where Does Access Control Fit in the K-12 Security Mix?http://www.thejournal.com/the/printarticle/?id=23423 Schaffhauser, Dian T.H.E. Journal; Oct 2008
Discusses the role of access control in school security. The elements of access control, proper evaluation of school access control, procedural fixes that require no equipment, typical costs, and coordination with video surveillance are addressed.
Alvord Schools Network Access Control to Improve Security.Vigue, Beverly Doors and Hardware; v72 n10 , p10-12,14,16 ; Oct 2008
Describes how this California school system used bond funding to place their 20 schools on a single access control network, replacing most keys with access cards and traditional locks with wireless card readers.
Balancing Convenience and Safety.Dorn, Michael Doors and Hardware; v72 n9 , p42-44 ; Sep 2008
Illustrates with examples a variety of situations where convenience of access to a school facility should be a lower priority than safety, in order to prevent violent incidents. The article emphasizes appropriate access control, visitor sign-in, identification badges, a dress code, consistent enforcement, and drills and exercises.
Safe Entry, Easy Exit.http://asumag.com/security/doors/safe_entry_easy/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v81 n1 , p40,-42 ; Sep 2008
Discusses the importance of school door design that keeps out intruders, but allows easy egress in an emergency. Fewer doors, card systems, keypads, biometrics, lighting, video surveillance, alarms, intercoms, and crime prevention through environmental design are considered.
Controlled Viewing.http://asumag.com/security/access_control/controlled_viewing_security/ Orr, Reuben American School and University; v81 n1 , pSS54-SS56,SS58 ; Sep 2008
Discusses possible difficulties with traditional access control systems and web- interface, as well as newer web-enabled, web-based, and web-hosted systems. Advice on selecting a web-based access control system is included, considering issues such as in-house resource, accessibility needs, operating system environment, and scalability.
Five Critical Door Closer Solutions.Reynolds, Bruce Doors and Hardware; v72 n9 , p28-31,33 ; Sep 2008
Discusses five critical issues when considering door closers: durability, ADA accessibility, safety, security, and design.
Doors and Hardware: Making a Smooth Entrance.http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=9615 Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v16 n9 , p28,29 ; Sep 2008
Reviews door and door hardware components, as well as card-operated systems. Typical maintenance, alignment, and insulation issues are also discussed.
Delivering Security, Life-Safety and Convenience.
Gottwalt, T.J. Doors and Hardware; v72 n8 , p40-42,44,45 ; Aug 2008
Discusses integration of access control into building design, detailing types of locks and strikes, electromechanical access control, switching, as well as non-locking components such as hinges and frames.
Keeping Them Out.
http://www.peterli.com/spm/resources/articles/archive.php?article_id=1872 Dorn, Michael School Planning and Management; v47 n7 , p35,36 ; Jul 2008
Reviews major points of access control for schools, including layered access control, off-campus access control, school grounds and building access, visitor screening, badges, staff and student identification, maintaining access control system integrity, and interior access control.
Campus Alert: Smart Cards Enhance Security.
http://www.peterli.com/cpm/resources/articles/archive.php?article_id=1880 Morin, Rhonda College Planning and Management; v11 n7 , p33,34,36 ; Jul 2008
Describes how installing sophisticated access systems on multi-building campuses can increase security staff workload due to increased responses to nuisance alarms. Examples of how colleges have prioritized their facilities for access control are discussed, as are ways of keeping the campus open to the community while still securing the buildings.
Out with the Old, In with the New.
http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/Articles/?ArticleID=188 Willis, Ashley Campus Safety; v16 n4 , p36,38,40,41 ; Jul-Aug 2008
Describes how Riverside Community College District upgraded its student ID cards from simple identification for library use to cards that enabled the recording of laboratory use and access to ATM machines.
A Practical Guide to Access Control and Security.
Current, Rick; Jenkins, Joseph The Construction Specifier; v 61 n6 , p58-62,64-66 ; Jun 2008
Advises on design and specification of building access control systems, noting typical mistakes caused by excluding access control engineers from the planning process. Mismatched components, low bids that do not indicate life cycle costs, planning of the access control room, door technology, and subsystem gateways are addressed.
Eyes and Ears.
http://www.schoolconstructionnews.com/Media/PublicationsIssue/SCNMJ08.pdf School Construction News; v11 n4 ; May 2008
Discusses techniques for improving school security, including card access control, security assessments, and weapons control. Human observation is particularly emphasized.
Seven Steps to Updating ID's for Maximum Impact.
http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/Articles/?ArticleID=154 Blake, Steve Campus Safety; v16 n2 , p48-50,52 ; Mar-Apr 2008
Discusses ways to improve and expand the utility of identification cards for campus functions, including security. Suggested steps to determine are the objectives, level of visual security needed, imbedded technologies, and layout of the card. Advice on printing, encoding, and testing the cards is also included.
A New Lease on Access Control.
http://www.buildings.com/articles/detail.aspx?contentID=5756 Collins, Marilyn Buildings; v102 n3 , p66,68,70 ; Mar 2008
Discusses the advantages of leased, over owned, building access control systems. Leasing reduces capital costs eases upgrades when new technologies or security needs arise.
From Concept to Implementation.
Security; v45 n2 , p28-30 ; Feb 2008
Presents an interview with the access card system manager of the University of the Pacific, discussing the selection, design, installation, use, and maintenance of campus access cards.
A Sense of Security.
http://www.universitybusiness.com/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=1001 Herrmann, Michele University Business; v11 n2 , p43-47 ; Feb 2008
Reviews features of sophisticated campus access systems, including wireless systems that avoid expensive drilling at installation, supplementation of card access with video and biometric systems, and proximity systems that do not require a card swipe.
The Key System is the First Line of Defense.
http://www.facilitymanagement.com/articles/security1-0208.html Demont, Thomas American School and Hospital Facility; v31 n1 , p18-21 ; Jan-Feb 2008
Discusses requirements for building key systems, including high security standards for cylinders, integration of keys and electronic systems, extra security for electronic control cabinets, patented cylinders, key control, durability, usability, servicing convenience, key management, training, and reliability.
Biometrics Revisted.
http://www.campustechnology.com/articles/57063/ Gale, Doug Campus Technology; v41 n5 , p28,30,31,46 ; Jan 2008
Reviews the current reliability of fingerprint scanning systems, noting recent advances in accuracy, decline in costs, educational facility applications, and possible security risks.
Getting a Handle on Access Control.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=7939&keywords=hinge,%20crash%20bar ,%20dead-bolts,%20mortise%20locks,%20cylinder%20locks,%20bored%20locks,%20tamper%2 0resistance Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v15 n12 , p15,16 ; Dec 2007
Discusses door handles and locks, including types, features, functions, specification, durability, and inspection guidance.
Unlocking the Mystery: Electrified Hardware and Electronic Access Control Systems.
Tobias, Scott The Construction Specifier; v60 n11 , p38-44 ; Nov 2007
Reviews the benefits of electrified door hardware to security and life safety, describes electromechanical versions of locks, and discusses the components of an access control system, including the power source, load, control, and conductor.
Just Visiting.
http://asumag.com/security/access_control/university_visiting/ Fiel, Patrick American School and University; v80 n1 , pSS54-SS56 ; Sep 2007
Reviews building features and procedures for controlling school access. These include limited campus entries that are supervised, identification badges, visitor registration, staff training, and a written visitor management plan.
What's Your Emergency?
http://asumag.com/security/life_safety/university_whats_emergency/ Semer, Jeri; Ostrom, Dave; Peabody, Chris American School and University; v79 n6 , pSS44,SS46,SS48 ; Feb 2007
Discusses the use of IP telephony to assist in location of emergency callers and enhance campus security. This enhanced 911 (E911) capability for multi-line phone systems is the law in a growing number of states. Issues of phone location identification and the necessity for meticulous maintenance of this information are also covered.
Who Are You?
http://asumag.com/mag/university_article_3/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v79 n4 , p24,26,27 ; Dec 2006
Reviews magnetic card systems for school security and other campus transactions, emphasizing the importance of a "one card" approach for all uses. Uses for mobile card readers are also discussed.
Open Says Me.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/1260.shtm Sturgeon, Julie College Planning and Management; v9 n12 , p25,26,28 ; Dec 2006
Discusses the use of biometrics in higher education access to cafeterias, gymnasiums, and practically all other campus services and retail. The advantages and current state of the technology, issues with training new users, and costs are also considered.
Controlling the Ins and Outs of Campus Buildings.
Halligan, Mike College Planning and Management; v9 n11 , pS12 ; Nov 2006
Reviews six criteria that should be met in order for access-controlled egress doors to meet codes.
Let 'em In?
http://asumag.com/security/university_let_em/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v79 n1 , pSS7-SS9 ; Sep 2006
Discusses access control concepts, with an emphasis on retrofitting buildings and creating procedures for facilities that were built before security was a critical issue. Reconfiguring doors and lock, lighting, card access systems, and human surveillance are highlighted.
Biometrics Go Mainstream.
http://www.campus-technology.com/article.asp?id=18183 Gale, Doug Campus Technology; v19 n8 , p26-28,33,34 ; Apr 2006
Describes retina, iris, fingerprint, voice, facial, and hand geometry recognition for security. The technologies are compared, and caveats concerning privacy, false acceptance, and false rejection are discussed.
Great Expectations: How to Ensure that Specified Door, Frame, Hardware and Access-Control Software Components Will Perform as Planned.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_great_expectations/ Vigue, Beverly American School and University; v78 n7 , p46-48 ; Mar 2006
Discusses the inter-relationship of doors, door frames, and door hardware to create the most secure system possible. Advice on choosing access-control systems is included.
Tomorrow's I.D. Card Program.
http://www.universitybusiness.com/page.cfm?p=1206 Millard, Elizabeth University Business; v9 n2 , p50-54 ; Feb 2006
Describes current and planned uses for campus identity cards, including access control, banking, connections to local retailers, computer use, and combining card reading with biometrics.
Show Your Hand, Not Your ID.
Kiernan, Vincent Chronicle of Higher Education; v52 n15 , pA28-A30 ; Dec 02, 2005
Discusses the use of biometric identification technology on higher education campuses to control access to buildings, perform employee time clock functions, and charge meals. Costs and features of various systems, experiences of colleges with the technology, privacy concerns, and weaknesses of hand and retina scanning are described.
In the Cards.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/1032.shtm Milshtein, Amy College Planning and Management; v8 n12 , p30,31 ; Dec 2005
Describes the many functions that magnetic student cards can perform, including customized meal plans, vending machines, laundry facilities, admission to school events, building access, and financial transactions, including tuition payments and aid disbursements.
Case Study: Boise State University Gets to the Core of Housing Security.
College Planning and Management; v8 n11 , pS-26,S-27 ; Nov 2005
Describes the keying system put in place at this institution to reduce maintenance and spare parts requirements, as well as improve control over who has keys.
Security Starts with Access Control and Builds from There.
Grace, Guy School Planning and Management; v44 n11 , pS-4,S-6 ; Nov 2005
Discusses access control technology in Littleton Public Schools, featuring highly coordinated cameras and card access systems.
Border Patrol.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_border_patrol/ Hall, Julie American School and University; v78 n2 , p40,42,44 ; Oct 2005
Describes surveillance, card access, and security in two public school systems and at Ohio State University.
Biometrics As an Integration Tool.
http://www.securitymagazine.com/CDA/Archives/ Security; , p40,44,46 ; Sep 2005
Describes the use of biometrics to calculate attendance, control access, locate children during emergencies, and charge lunches and other services.
A Smart Move.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_smart_move/ Wright, Joe American School and University; v78 n1 , pss48,ss50,ss51 ; Sep 2005
Discusses use of smart cards in high schools, advising on how to select the functions the card will provide, efficiently produce the cards, select the software, and accommodate privacy requirements.
Tech Talk: Deter and Detect.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_deter_detect/index.html Day, C. William American School and University; v77 n10 , p66 ; May 2005
Lists the questions schools should ask when considering the purchase of surveillance cameras, explains how to choose the correct cameras, and discusses assessing the number and location where they should be situated.
Access Denied.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/923.shtm Dorn, Michael School Planning and Management; v44 n4 , p20,22,24,26 ; Apr 2005
Recommends creating a "culture of safety" in schools by conducting safety surveys of schools, their grounds, and their neighborhoods, by survey teams consisting of educators from the school assisted by area public safety officials. Interior access must be addressed as vigorously as exterior. Access control must be intgregated at the building phase and guided by properly-credential consultants trained in Crime Prevention though Environmental Design (CPTED). Careful matching of technology to the school and scrupulous vendor scrutiny are also recommended.
Keys to Learning.
http://www.securitymanagement.com/article/keys-learning Security Management; Mar 2005
Describes how the West Islip School District assessed its buildings' access control and replaced outdated and disparate locks with standardized keyed and electronic access control systems.
Modern Methods.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_modern_methods/ Sorrentino, Dominic American School and University; v77 n7 , p40,42,44 ; Mar 2005
Describes desirable features of a proper access management system: an integrated access-control platform, ability to track use of doors, ability to produces badges or access cards on site, digital recording, flexibility, and single screen monitoring.
Throwing Away the Key.
Fickes, Michael College Planning and Management; v7 n11 , pS-23,S-24 ; Nov 2004
Describes the savings realized when switching to card access systems and the configuration and costs of different types of online and offline card access door systems.
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/35/36134438.pdf Draper, Rick; Cadzow, Emma PEB Exchange; v2004/3 n53 , p9,10 ; Oct 2004
Discusses the three overlapping concepts of CPTED: access control, surveillance, and territorial reinforcement
Biosecurity Comes of Age. Retina, Hand, and Fingerprint Scanners Are Emerging as New Solutions to Access and Authentication Concerns.
http://www.universitybusiness.com/page.cfm?p=595 Villano, Matt University Business; Aug 2004
While most schools are grappling with the question of using smart cards to eliminate keys and upgrade campus security, a select group of schools are addressing access and authentication concerns with leading-edge technologies that simply make sense: biometrics. From palm scanners to fingerprint scanners, retinal probes to voice identification devices, biometric technologies are beginning to enter the mainstream market on a large scale. Perhaps more impressively, in most cases, once schools get past a significant investment on the front end, biometric technologies also are much less expensive than most academic officials might think.
CCTV Basics.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_cctv_basics/ Lupinacci, Jeffrey A. American School and University; v76 n12 , p18,20 ; Jul 2004
Describes tasks that closed circuit television cameras can be expected to perform, and how they should be placed and monitored in order to accomplish those tasks.
What's the Password?
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/712.shtm Sasso, Charlie School Planning and Management; v43 n7 , p18,20,22 ; Jul 2004
Describes the simple but effective door security in the new Clackamas (Oregon) High School. This includes doors that can be locked or unlocked from a central location, card access, keyed mullions on double doors, and interchangeable cylinders.
Protecting the Perimeter.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_protecting_perimeter/ Vigue, Beverly American School and University; v76 n11 , p36,39-42 ; Jun 2004
Advises a four-level security scheme, with increasing protection as numbers ascend. Level one employs key and other mechanical locking systems, level two auditable electronic access control, level three biometrics, and level four all of these along with software management. Features of electronic and biometric systems are detailed.
More Security Technology on Campus.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/682.shtm Fickes, Michael College Planning and Management; v7 n5 , p42,44,45,46 ; May 2004
Describes the expanding roles of closed circuit television, access control, and computer security on higher education campuses. Legislation mandating more rigorous security and declining costs for these technologies make them more attractive.
Cashless Campuses.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_cashless_campuses/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v76 n7 , p52-55 ; Mar 2004
Describes a variety of uses for "smart cards" and how increasing numbers of on- and off-campus transactions are being combined onto single cards.
Campus Card Programs Offer Expanded Opportunities.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/615.shtm Fickes,Michael College Planning and Management; v7 n2 , p38,40 ; Feb 2004
Describes creative current and future applications for smart cards, some of which bring royalty payments to the issuing institution.
Providing Safe Schools.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_providing_safe_schools/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v76 n5 , p61-64 ; Jan 2004
Discusses ten means for enhancing campus security: environmental design, smaller schools, control of public use, crisis planning, lighting design, resource officers, access control, video observation, communications, and metal detector installation.
Safe School Survey Lead to System Upgrades.
English, Cindy School Planning and Management; v42 n11 , pS16,S18-S21 ; Nov 2003
Describes how a safe school survey of the Atlanta Public Schools resulted in the updating of surveillance equipment, doors, and access control.
The New World of Campus One-Cards.
Fickes, Michael College Planning and Management; v6 n11 , pS8,S10 ; Nov 2003
Describes recent innovations in student identification cards that enhance security, register attendance, and perform accounting functions.
TO ORDER:
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-111647035.html
Growing Intelligence.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_growing_intelligence/ Steinman, Bob American School and University; v76 n2 , p29-30,32 ; Oct 2003
Diuscusses advances in door systems, where doors are integrated with security and fire technology, providing access control and information on use. Biometric recognition is highlighted as the most thorough means of access control.
Ins and Outs of Campus Access.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_ins_outs_campus/ Koziol, Jeff American School and University; v76 n1 , p48,50,52 ; Sep 2003
Suggests determining campus access by deciding who will get access to which points at which times. Describes aspects and vulnerabilities of keycode, magnetic stripe cards, and biometric systems.
The Evolution of Educational Safety.
http://www.schoolconstructionnews.com/ME2/Audiences Lindquist, James R. School Construction News; v6 n7 , p29-30 ; Sep 2003
Reviews safety and security technology that has become useful since the National Institutes of Justice published "The Appropriate and Effective Use of Security Technologies in U.S. Schools" in 1999. Digitized video, alarmed doors with delayed egress, and emergency call boxes are featured.
Access Control for Building Systems?
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/439.shtm Fickes, Michael School Planning and Management; v42 n4 , p27-30 ; Apr 2003
Describes how automated building system technologies may soon make security technology, such as access control, more practical for K-12 schools.
School Safety Technology in America: Current Use and Perceived Effectiveness
Garcia, C.A. Criminal Justice Policy Review; v14 n1 , p30-54 ; Mar 2003
School safety administrators (SSAs) are using technologies such as video cameras, weapon detectors, and entry control devices (ECD) in an attempt to deal with school violence. Although it is well known that cameras are useful for documenting events after the fact, further utility of the various school safety technologies is virtually unknown. To address the paucity of information in this area, a national telephone survey of SSAs was conducted. In addition to discussing technology utilization and effectiveness, several important policy considerations (e.g., cost, technology placement, the role that local law enforcement can play in safety plans, and the availability of alternatives that might bolster school safety by enhancing the school community) are discussed. [Author's abstract]
TO ORDER:
http://cjp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/14/1/30
One-Card Programs Boast Endless Options.
Pearcey, Kevin College Planning and Management; v6 n2 , p26-28 ; Feb 2003
Discusses how all-campus ID cards are easy to manage, enhance overall campus security, lower operating expenses, and provide a chance to build lasting relationships with the community by taking the card to off-campus businesses.
Access Control Is More than Security.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/409.shtm Fickes, Michael College Planning and Management; v5 n11 , p34-46 ; Nov 2002
Describes the University of New Mexico's photo identification LOBO card system, which performs both security and validation tasks. It is used in conjunction with several C-CURE 800 Integrated Security Management Systems supplied by Software House of Lexington, Massachusetts.
The Security Continuum.
Thompson, Ian American School and University; v75 n1 , pS8-S10 ; Sep 2002
Discusses the creation of a comprehensive security strategy for schools, including the importance of tailoring it to a specific school's mission and culture. Describes three classes of tactics (natural, organized, and technical) which can be chosen to implement the strategy. Discusses access control as an example of how strategies and tactics would need to differ between types of schools.
Wired for Protection.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_wired_protection/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v74 n10 , p50B,50D,50F ; Jun 2002
Describes how growing acceptance of security measures such as access- control cards, video surveillance, and biometric devices is allowing colleges to protect students and their belongings more effectively.
A Sharing Proposition.
Sturgeon, Julie College Planning and Management; v5 n5 , p38-39 ; May 2002
Describes how the University of Vermont and St. Michael's College in Burlington, Vermont cooperated to share a single card access system. Discusses the planning, financial, and marketplace advantages of the cooperation.
School Security Solutions: Bringing Corporate Safety to Schools and Colleges
Pendzick, Richard E.; Downs, Robert L. Journal of Science Education and Technology; v11 n1 , p5-8 ; Mar 2002
Describes software for electronic visitor management (EVM) called EasyLobbyTM, currently in use in thousands of federal and corporate installations throughout the world and its application for school and campus environments. Explains EasyLobbyTM's use to replace visitor logs, capture and store visitor data electronically, and provide badges that quickly allow anyone in the school to recognize authorized strangers.
TO ORDER:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g6112541168421k6/
Creating and Maintaining Security on Campus.
http://www.appa.org/FacilitiesManager/ Polensky, David W. Facilities Manager; v18 n2 , p14-16,18 ; Mar-Apr 2002
Describes the various components of an effective campus security program, including the master plan/needs assessment, law enforcement staffing, security technology, access control, closed circuit television systems, and emergency planning.
Eye Can See for Miles and Miles.
School Planning and Management; v41 n2 , p48,50-52 ; Feb 2002
Describes how a New Hampshire school system eliminated internal school vandalism and bomb threats, and reduced the number of false alarms, by using video security software (WebEyeAlert security solution) that is accessible via a variety of methods from remote locations.
Balancing Security and Learning. School Security Supplement.
Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v74 n6 , pSS8,SS10-11 ; Feb 2002
Discusses ways to provide vital safety to schools without inhibiting the learning environment for students. Describes security efforts at Orange County, Florida schools, such as using video cameras, school police officers, and access-control systems.
Smart Cards 101: Everything a Beginner Needs To Get Started.
Wiens, Janet College Planning and Management; v4 n7 , p28,30 ; Jul 2001
Discusses how to implement a smart card system at a college or university, and explains what smart cards are, their potential applications, benefits, and costs. Provides a resource for obtaining additional information about smart cards.
The Revolution in I.D. Cards.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/227.shtm Rittner-Heir, Robbin M. School Planning and Management; v40 n2 , p53-55 ; Feb 2001
Examines how school identification cards can help improve security, assist in recordkeeping, pay for lunches, and much more. Several examples of the efficient use of smart cards are highlighted.
Houses of Cards.
http://athleticbusiness.com/articles/ Cohen, Andrew Athletic Business; v24 n12 , p121-22,124,126,128,130 ; Dec 2000
Explores how plastic identification cards are key to building security in athletic facilities. Card and identification system technology are addressed as are their benefits and complications. Final comments address security issues that still need consideration even if a card system is used. [Free registration required.]
Advances in Protection.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_advances_protection/ Szczerba, Peter American School and University; v73 n1 , p24,26,28 ; Sep 2000
Explains how integrating information technology can extend the capabilities of school security systems beyond traditional card access. Explores the use of biometric identification technologies such as hand geometry and facial recognition as well as the use of digitized event recording.
A Healthy Approach to Fitness Center Security.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/73.shtm Sturgeon, Julie College Planning and Management; v3 n8 , p36-37 ; Aug 2000
Examines techniques for keeping college fitness centers secure while maintaining an inviting atmosphere. Building access control, preventing locker room theft, and suppressing causes for physical violence are discussed.
Making Outsiders Stand Out.
Fickes, Michael School Planning and Management; v39 n7 , p40,42,44 ; Jul 2000
Explores how the use of badging systems can provide administrative benefits beyond building security. How declining costs are making badging systems more affordable is discussed along with how badging increases control of building access.
Making the Grade with School Security.
Fickes, Michael School Planning and Management; v39 n4 , p39-41 ; Apr 2000
Shows how technology is helping school security directors prevent violence and protect students. One school's use of a state-of- the-art security system involving closed-circuit television, access control for doors, vehicles equipped with global positioning technology, and hand-held computers for security officers is discussed.
Advanced Planning.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_advanced_planning/ Lupinacci, Jeffrey A. American School and University; v72 n8 , p36-37,39 ; Apr 2000
Explains the importance of developing a comprehensive security plan prior to purchasing more equipment and resources to bolster school safety. Decision making following the plan's development is addressed including equipment choices, ID cards, access control, exit alarms, and video monitors.
What's Ahead for Campus Security?
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/46.shtm Queeno, Cam College Planning and Management; v3 n3 , p30-32 ; Mar 2000
Identifies five trends in security technology and what they mean for colleges and universities in the near future. Trends addressed are: less emphasis on complete system integration; increased prevalence of open networking protocol systems; rising use of proximity and smart cards; increased use of digital technology and remote video surveillance; and continued rise of professional services.
Assessing School Security: Not an Either/Or Question.
Butterfield, Eric School Construction News; v3 n1 , p19 ; Jan-Feb 2000
Discusses school security program assessment and strategies that try to strike a balance between security equipment and staffing needs. Also explored are where security equipment can save school districts money, access control strategies, the physical elements that often compromise security, and school security personnel hiring criteria.
Auditing Schools for Safety.
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/VDOE/Finance/Facilities/Safety.htm Butterfield, Eric School Construction News; v3 n1 , p20 ; Jan-Feb 2000
Explores the issues involved in conducting effective safety audits for educational facilities. Areas covered include auditing for site characteristics, access control, lighting, building exterior, door types and locking mechanisms, key control, alarm system controls, security monitors, and vision panels in the doors.
Developing a Security Profile.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_developing_security_profile/ Woodcock, Chris American School and University; v72 n4 , p32-34, 36 ; Dec 1999
Examines the questions schools should address when re-evaluating how to protect people, property, and assets. Questions addressed include where and how to begin to improve security in a school, getting the most protection economically, establishing where electronic security should be used, using surveillance cameras and systems, and what the role of a communications system is in school security.
Combine Security and Safety with the Right Door Hardware.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/144.shtm Olmstead, Patrick R. College Planning and Management; v2 n11 , p29-30 ; Nov 1999
Discusses how door design and construction can add safety and security to educational facilities. Exit device variations, and electromagnetic locks and access control are explored. Also discussed are inexpensive ways to improve the safety and security profiles of a building using door hardware.
Armed with the Basics.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_armed_basics/ Funck, Gary American School and University; v72 n1 , p38,40,42,44 ; Sep 1999
Discusses digital-imaging technology and multifunctional photo ID systems in school security. Suggestions on hiring a security consultant when selecting a school security system are discussed as is the importance of outlining a security action plan prior to selecting an access control system.
Keeping Campuses Safe.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_keeping_campuses_safe/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v71 n10 , p66a-66b,66d-66e ; Jun 1999
Describes how colleges and universities are using technology, as well as traditional methods, to keep campuses safe and reduce crime. Topics include using free pizza in a successful contest to teach students about campus safety, installing security cameras, using access-control cards, providing adequate lighting, and creating a bicycle patrol unit.
Accessing the Campus.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_accessing_campus/ Gallagher, Joe American School and University; v71 n9 , p66b,d,f ; May 1999
Discusses the expanded uses of school identification card systems for college campuses and the benefits to the campus of having a one-card, multi-purpose system. Tips for setting up a one-card system and its future potential and benefit to a college are addressed.
Planning for Schools of the Future.
Hamaty, George; Lines, David C. School Planning and Management; v38 n5 , p35-38 ; May 1999
Examines the educational facility planning issues for restructuring
schools to meet the future demands of students and educational
programs. Issues discussed include the educational environment,
building access, technology and its effect on the learning environment,
specialty areas and ancillary space requirements, and community
involvement.
The Ins and Outs of Access Control.
Longworth, David School Planning and Management; v38 n5 , p45-46, 49 ; May 1999
Presents basic considerations when school districts plan to acquire an access control system for their education facilities. Topics cover cards and readers, controllers, software, automation, card technology, expandability, price, specification of needs beyond the canned specifications already supplied, and proper usage training to cardholders.
Taking a One-Card System to the Maximum.
Pierce, Ron College Planning and Management; v1 n3 , p65-69 ; May 1998
Discusses how multi-purpose electronic student identification cards can benefit students and provide income to colleges and universities. Looks at future uses for multi-purpose cards and provides tips for implementing a one-card system.
Securing a Lock on Safety.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_securing_lock_safety/ Daneman, Kathy American School and University; v70 n6 , p49-50,52-53 ; Feb 1998
Describes the integration of security systems to provide enhanced security
that is both effective and long lasting. Combining card access systems with
camera surveillance, and highly visible emergency phones and security
officers is examines as one of many possible combinations. Some systems
most capable of being integrated are listed.
The Security Factor in School Renovations.
Fickes, Michael School Planning and Management; v37 n2 , p30,32,34 ; Feb 1998
Discusses how one Indiana high school used its renovation as an opportunity to reevaluate the school's security design. Security considerations in the building's external and internal environment include lighting, directional signage, parking, access control technology, and issues regarding the use of closed circuit television.
Looking to the Future.
College Planning & Management; v1 n1 , p46,48-50,80-81 ; Jan 1998
Ten possible trends on college campuses are examined. They include distance learning; rehabilitation of existing
buildings; use of construction management firms; salaries for facilities directors; virtual universities; off-site garages; outside
residence hall contractors; classrooms in residential buildings; and smart cards for entry and purchases.
Access Granted.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_access_granted/ Cox, Susan M. American School and University; v 70 n2 , p28a-28b,28d,28f ; Oct 1997
Explores card access systems in colleges and universities and how access cards are being upgraded to include other features that enhance functionality and building security. Addressing card management problems are discussed and sources of help when implementing an advanced card system are offered.
Is Your Security Budget Used Effectively?
Kaufer, Steve School Planning and Management; v36 n8 , p28-30 ; Aug 1997
Presents survey information showing where school districts have invested
their security budgets. Included are the various threats school districts see
as requiring security actions and the areas most often covered by closed
circuit television systems are pointed.
Safe and Sound.
Felder, Lanny I. American School & University; v69 n8 , p32,34 ; Apr 1997
Describes a comprehensive security program that includes access control, surveillance methods, and personnel awareness, designed to keep public schools safe for students and faculty. Alternatives to traditional lock and key systems are discussed, as are patrolling tips for high crime sites and the need to educate staff and students.
Fighting Fire with Fire.
Spoor, Dana L. American School and University; v68 n8 , p22-24 ; Apr 1996
School districts are integrating security and life-safety systems into school
buildings to protect students and property. This proactive approach includes
sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and security systems that monitor door
movement. Some school districts that are incorporating the latest life-safety
technology are in Missouri, Ohio, California, and New York.
Securing the Schoolyard.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070505223127 Gips, Michael Security Management; 1995
Cameras are rolling in schoolhouses across the nation for security monitoring locations, protecting students, faculty, and school property from harm. Some schools now require all students, faculty, and staff to wear picture IDs. The number of access points are being limited and entrances are being monitored. In addition, more schools are using metal detectors.
Campus Safety and Security http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/safety_securityHE.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles on safety and security issues on college and university campuses.
CPTED for Schools: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/cpted.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles describing the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) as it applies to school facilities.
School Safety and Security--PK-12 Facilities Issues http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/safety_security.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles on designing safer PK-12 schools, implementing security technologies, and crime prevention through environmental design.
Windows and Doors in School Facilities
http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/windows_doors.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) NCEF's resource list of links and journal articles about school building windows and doors, addressing their selection, installation, safety and security, maintenance, and replacement in new and retrofitted facilities.
|
||||
|
©
National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities at the National Institute of Building Sciences 1090 Vermont Ave., NW Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20005 · Toll free: 888-552-0624 · 202-289-7800 · www.ncef.org Funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education |
||||
